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French Passé Composé with Être – List of Verbs

Watch my vide lesson on using the verb être as helping verb in the French passé composé. Download your support guide to this lesson on Patreon. Here’s a list of the most common 17 verbs that take être as auxiliary verb. Click here for my full course.

French Dictée – Beginner Level – Le Voyage

Listen to the dictée while watching the video below. Download your free support guide which indicates all of the grammar topics included as well as the correction and English translation @LLL French Academy.

THEME	LE VOYAGE
LEVEL	A1 – BEGINNER
LENGTH	40 – 60 WORDS: This is the length of the written part of the A1 DELF EXAM
INSTRUCTIONS	Write exactly what you hear in the dictée. I will read each sentence twice. Pause the video if you need more time to write. Keep in mind that in French many words seem to run together and sound like just one word. Useful vocabulary: point = period; full stop virgule = comma point d’exclamation = exclamation mark point d’interrogation = question mark
GRAMMAR	Grammar covered in this dictée: Regular French verbs ending in ER, IR, and RE Reflexive verbs – Present tense Futur proche Passé composé with avoir Imperfect tense Direct object pronouns Indirect object pronouns

Level A1 Dictée – Le voyage

Level A2 Dictée – Le voyage

Level B1 Dictée – Le voyage

Level B2 Dictée – Le voyage

Click here for audio only French dictation exercises

French Descriptive Adjectives

Descriptive Adjectives

There are two main factors to consider when using adjectives in French, and they are very different to the way we use adjectives in English. Scroll all the way down if you just want a quick list of 40 very easy to use French adjectives.

French adjectives must agree in number and in gender with the person, place or thing that they are describing.

Most of the time you must place the adjective AFTER the noun it is describing.

The final consonant in masculine adjectives is usually silent and usually pronounced in feminine ones.

Master French descriptive adjectives – Included in my Bundled French Lessons for Self-Learners

Agreement of French adjectives

Most of the time you add an E to a masculine adjective to make it feminine, and you add an S to make it plural. Exceptions follow.

	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
bleu blue	bleu C’est un stylo bleu.	bleus Ce sont des stylos bleus.	bleue C’est une voiture bleue.	bleues Ce sont des voitures bleues.
amusant funny / fun	amusant C’est un garçon amusant.	amusants Ce sont des garçons amusants.	amusante C’est une fille amusante.	amusantes Ce sont des filles amusantes.
salé salty	salé C’est un plat salé.	salés Ce sont des plats salés.	salée C’est une tarte salée.	salées Ce sont des tartes salées.

Sometimes the masculine form of the adjective already ends in E. When this is the case there is no difference in the masculine and feminine forms.

adjective	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
timide shy	timide C’est un garçon timide.	timides Ce sont des garçons timides.	timide C’est une fille timide.	timides Ce sont des filles timides.

Other common regular French adjectives

English meaning	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
warm	chaud	chauds	chaude	chaudes
short	court	courts	courte	courtes
right	droit	droits	droite	droites
strong	fort	forts	forte	fortes
cold	froid	froids	froide	froides
gray	gris	gris	grise	grises
high	haut	hauts	haute	hautes
ugly	laid	laids	laide	laides
heavy	lourd	lourds	lourde	lourdes
evil	mauvais	mauvais	mauvaise	mauvaises
perfect	parfait	parfaits	parfaite	parfaites
small	petit	petits	petite	petites
deaf	sourd	sourds	sourde	sourdes
amusing	amusant	amusants	amusante	amusantes
content	content	contents	contente	contentes
big	grand	grands	grande	grandes
intelligent	intelligent	intelligents	intelligente	intelligentes
interesting	intéressant	intéressants	intéressante	intéressantes
mean	méchant	méchants	méchante	méchantes
slow	lent	lents	lente	lentes
full	plein	pleins	pleine	pleines
next	prochain	prochains	prochaine	prochaines
powerful	puissant	puissants	puissante	puissantes
blue	bleu	bleus	bleue	bleues
clear	clair	clairs	claire	claires
complicated	compliqué	compliqués	compliquée	compliquées
sorry	désolé	désolés	désolée	désolées
hard	dur	durs	dure	dures
equal	égal	égals	égale	égales
tired	fatigué	fatigués	fatiguée	fatiguées
happy	gai	gais	gaie	gaies
pretty	joli	jolis	jolie	jolies
black	noir	noirs	noire	noires
polite	poli	polis	polie	polies
sure	sûr	sûrs	sûre	sûres

Some French adjectives come before the noun they describe: BAGS = Beauty, Age, Goodness, Size

When an adjective falls into the BAGS category you need to put it in front of the nouns that it describes.

Beauty	beau	C’est un beau chien.	That’s a beautiful dog.
Age	vieux	C’est un vieux monsieur.	He’s an old man.
Good or Bad	bon	C’est un bon gâteau.	This is a good cake.
Size	grand	C’est un grand garçon.	He’s a tall boy.

Other common French adjectives that are placed before the noun

English meaning	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
young	jeune	jeunes	jeune	jeunes
little, small, short	petit	petits	petite	petites
bad	mauvais	mauvais	mauvaise	mauvaises
best	meilleur	meilleurs	meilleure	meilleures
false, fake	faux	faux	fausse	fausses
big, fat	gros	gros	grosse	grosses
high	haut	hauts	haute	hautes
pretty	joli	jolis	jolie	jolies
new	nouveau	nouveaux	nouvelle	nouvelles

Sometimes the masculine form of the adjective ends in S or X. When this is the case there is no difference in the masculine singular and plural forms.

The following example uses an adjective that falls into the BAGS category, so it is placed before the noun that it describes.

Note that when the adjective comes BEFORE the noun, DES must change to DE. This is an exception in the French language.

adjective	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
gros big	gros C’est un gros chien.	gros Ce sont de gros chiens.	grosse C’est une grosse voiture.	grosses Ce sont de grosses voitures.

Irregular adjectives

Most adjectives are formed as you see in the examples above. However, many French adjectives are irregular.

Adjectives that end in a VOWEL + L

Make the adjective feminine by doubling the L and adding an E.

adjective	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
personnel personal	personnel C’est un problème personnel.	personnels Ce sont des problèmes personnels.	personnelle C’est une histoire personnelle.	personnelles Ce sont des histoires personnelles.
cruel cruel	cruel Ce professeur est cruel.	cruels Ces gens sont cruels.	cruelle C’est une femme cruelle.	cruelles Ce sont des femmes cruelles.

Adjectives that end in a VOWEL + N

Make the adjective feminine by doubling the N and adding an E. The adjective in the following example falls into the BAGS category.

adjective	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
bon good	bon C’est un bon restaurant.	bons Ce sont de bons restaurants.	bonne C’est une bonne idée.	bonnes Ce sont de bonnes idées.

Other common French adjectives that end in a VOWEL + N

English meaning	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
ancient, old	ancien	anciens	ancienne	anciennes
Christian	chrétien	chrétiens	chrétienne	chrétiennes
European	européen	européens	européenne	européenne
Italian	italien	italiens	italienne	italiennes
middle	moyen	moyens	moyenne	moyennes
Parisian	parisien	parisiens	parisienne	parisiennes
rural	paysan	paysans	paysanne	paysannes

Adjectives that end in ER or ET

Make these adjectives feminine by adding an ACCENT GRAVE.

Make the adjective feminine by doubling the L and adding an E.

adjective	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
léger light	léger C’est un repas léger.	légers Ce sont des repas légers.	légère C’est une table légère.	légères Ce sont des tables légères.
complet full	complet Le bus est complet.	complets Les bus sont complets.	complète La liste est complète.	complètes Les listes sont complètes.

Other common French adjectives that end in ER

English meaning	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
bitter	amer	amers	amère	amères
expensive, dear	cher	chers	chère	chères
last	dernier	derniers	dernière	dernières
entire, whole	entier	entiers	entière	entières
foreign	étranger	étrangers	étrangère	étrangères
proud	fier	fiers	fière	fières
first	premier	premiers	première	premières

Other common French adjectives that end in ET

English meaning	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
concrete	concret	concrets	concrète	concrètes
discreet	discret	discrets	discrète	discrètes
uneasy, worried	inquiet	inquiets	inquiète	inquiètes
secret	secret	secrets	secrète	secrètes

Adjectives that end in C

Make the adjective feminine by adding HE to the end

adjective	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
franc frank / honest	franc C’est un homme très franc.	francs Ce sont des hommes très francs.	franche C’est une femme très franche.	franches Ce sont des femmes très franches.

Other common French adjectives that end in C

English meaning	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
white	blanc	blancs	blanche	blanches
dry	sec	secs	sèche	sèches

Adjectives that end in EUR

Make the adjective feminine by taking off the R and adding SE. The following adjective falls into the BAGS category.

adjective	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
meilleur best	meilleur C’est mon meilleur ami.	meilleurs Ce sont mes meilleurs amis.	meilleure C’est ma meilleure amie.	meilleures Ce sont mes meilleures amies.

Other common French adjectives that end in EUR and that follow this pattern

English meaning	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
anterior	antérieur	antérieurs	antérieure	antérieures
posterior	postérieur	postérieurs	postérieure	postérieures
exterior	extérieur	extérieurs	extérieure	extérieures
interior	intérieur	intérieurs	intérieure	intérieures
inferior	inférieur	inférieurs	inférieure	inférieures
superior	supérieur	supérieurs	supérieure	supérieures
major	majeur	majeurs	majeure	majeures
minor	mineur	mineurs	mineure	mineures
best	meilleur	meilleurs	meilleure	meilleures

Adjectives that end in TEUR

Make the adjective feminine by taking off the EUR and adding RICE

adjective	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
conservateur conservative	conservateur C’est un parti politique conservateur.	conservateurs Ce sont des partis politiques conservateurs.	conservatrice C’est une femme politique conservatrice.	conservatrices Ce sont des femmes politiques conservatrices.

Other common French adjectives that end in TEUR

English meaning	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
acting	acteur	acteurs	actrice	actrices
creative	créateur	créateurs	créatrice	créatrices
protective	protecteur	protecteurs	protectrice	protectrices

Adjectives that end in EUX

Make the adjective feminine by taking off the X and adding SE. Note that the masculine singular and plural forms are the same.

adjective	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
heureux happy	heureux Il est heureux.	heureux Ils sont heureux.	heureuse Elle est heureuse.	heureuses Elles sont heureuses.

Other common French adjectives that end in EUX

English meaning	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
in love	amoureux	amoureux	amoureuse	amoureuses
courageous	courageux	courageux	courageuse	courageuses
curious	curieux	curieux	curieuse	curieuses
boring	ennuyeux	ennuyeux	ennuyeuse	ennuyeuses
furious	furieux	furieux	furieuse	furieuses
jealous	jaloux	jaloux	jalouse	jalouses
marvelous	merveilleux	merveilleux	merveilleuse	merveilleuses
fearful	peureux	peureux	peureuse	peureuses
serious	sérieux	sérieux	sérieuse	sérieuses

Adjectives that end in F

Make the adjective feminine by taking off the F and adding VE.

adjective	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
actif active	actif C’est un enfant actif.	actifs Ce sont des enfants actifs.	active C’est une petite fille active.	actives Ce sont de petites filles actives.

Other common French adjectives that end in F

adjective	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
active
brief	bref	brefs	brève	brèves
destructive	déstructif	déstructifs	déstructive	déstructives
new	neuf	neufs	neuve	neuves
alive, bright	vif	vifs	vive	vives

Irregular plural adjectives

When an adjective ends in AL in the masculine form you must change the AL to AUX in the masculine plural. Note that the feminine singular and plural forms follow the normal rules.

Make the adjective feminine by doubling the L and adding an E.

adjective	masculine singular	masculine plural	feminine singular	feminine plural
génial great / fantastic	génial Mon fils est génial.	géniaux Mes enfants sont géniaux.	géniale Ma fille est géniale.	géniales Mes filles sont géniales.

Very irregular adjective forms

	NEW	OLD	CRAZY	BEAUTIFUL	SOFT
masculine singular	nouveau C’est un nouveau film.	vieux C’est un vieux monsieur.	fou Ce garçon est fou.	beau C’est un beau gâteau.	mou Le concombre est mou.
masculine singular before a VOWEL or H	nouvel C’est mon nouvel appartement.	vieil C’est un vieil homme.	fol C’est un fol espoir.	bel C’est un bel hôtel.	mol C’est un mol avocat.
masculine plural	nouveaux Ce sont de nouveaux pantalons.	vieux Ce sont de vieux vêtements.	fous Ils sont tous fous.	beaux Les monuments sont beaux.	mous Les légumes sont mous.
feminine singular	nouvelle C’est une nouvelle élève.	vieille C’est une vieille voiture.	folle C’est une folle aventure.	belle C’est une belle femme.	molle Cette orange est molle.
feminine plural	nouvelles Ce sont de nouvelles chaussures.	vieilles Ce sont de vieilles maisons.	folles Ce sont de folles aventures.	belles Ce sont de belles jeunes filles.	molles Ces pommes sont molles.

40 easy to use French descriptive adjectives:

1	bon	good
2	mauvais	bad
3	joli	pretty
4	gentil	nice
5	fort	strong
6	drôle	funny
7	bizarre	odd
8	effrayé	scared
9	fâché	angry
10	cher	expensive
11	courageux	brave
12	désorienté	confused
13	difficile	difficult
14	facile	easy
15	épuisé	exhausted
16	fatigué	tired
17	grave	totally (slang)
18	gros	fat; heavy
19	impossible	impossible
20	juste	fair
21	libre	free; available
22	meilleur	better
23	moche	ugly
24	navré	sorry
25	pareil	the same
26	pauvre	poor
27	pressé	in a hurry
28	prêt	ready
29	ravi	delighted
30	simple	uncomplicated
31	sympa	nice
32	tranquille	calm
33	travailleur	hardworking
34	triste	sad
35	vide	empty
36	vieux	old
37	méchant	mean
38	inquiet	worried
39	haut	high
40	bas	low

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French Relative Pronouns QUI – QUE – OÙ – DONT

What is a relative pronoun?

Relative pronouns are words that are used to link a dependent clause to a main clause.
A dependent clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb. It does not express a
complete thought so it isn’t a sentence and can’t stand alone.

Master French Relative Pronouns – Included in my Bundled French Lessons

In English: WHO, WHOM, THAT, WHICH, WHOSE, WHERE or WHEN

Unlike in French, relative pronouns are often optional in English.
For example, in English we can say either “the movie I saw last night” or “the movie that I saw last night”.

QUI

QUI as a question word means WHO.
As a relative pronoun it can mean WHO or WHAT.
QUI replaces the subject in the dependent clause.

In these examples QUI means WHO:

Je téléphone à ma mère.Elle est en Louisiane. Je téléphone à ma mère qui est en Louisiane.
I am calling my mother.She is in Louisiana. I am calling my mother who is in Louisiana.

In these examples QUI means WHAT:

Je vais lire le livre.Il est dans mon sac. Je vais lire le livre qui est dans mon sac.
I am going to read the book.It is in my bag. I am going to read the book that is in my bag.

QUI can also replace an indirect object (a person) after a preposition:

J’appelle une amie. J’étais au lycée avec cette amie. J’appelle une amie avec qui j’étais au lycée.
I’m calling a friend. I was in high school with this friend. I’m calling a friend with whom I was in high school.

It sounds kind of strange when you translate it this way to English, but you can see that it means WITH WHOM.

QUE

QUE replaces the direct object in a dependent clause.
Direct objects answer the questions WHO or WHAT?

Many times the relative pronoun QUE will be followed by a subject or subject pronoun.

Je fais rôtir le poulet. Mon mari l’a acheté. Je fais rôtir le poulet que mon mari a acheté.
I am roasting the chicken. My husband bought it. I am roasting the chicken that my husband bought.

In the passé composé, QUE replaces a direct object. You need to make agreement with the past participle in gender and number.

Je prépare les légumes. Mon mari les a achetés. Je prépare les légumes que mon mari a achetés.
I’m preparing the vegetables. My husband bought them. I’m preparing the vegetables that my husband bought.

Sometimes you may come across sentences that are put together a little differently:

Les bonbons que mange mon petit frère sont trop sucrés.

This one is a little difficult to translate into English. It means “The candies that my little brother is eating are too sweet.”

You’ll notice that the verb MANGE in this sentence actually is placed before the subject, mon petit frère. This is not a very common construction.

OÙ

As a relative pronoun, OÙ not only indicates place as its English translation would suggest, but it can also indicate time.

OÙ often means WHERE when used as a relative pronoun.

OÙ means WHERE in this sentence:
La fromagerie OÙ j’ai acheté le camembert est en ville. The cheese shop where I bought the camembert is in town.

OÙ as a relative pronoun can also refer to time. Be careful! OÙ can be translated to mean WHEN in English.

When referring to time we want to use the word QUAND because it means WHEN. However, QUAND is not a relative pronoun, so you can’t use it as if it were.
C’est le moment où…This is the time when…

Would you have been tempted to use QUAND instead of OÙ?
Il pleuvait le jour où nous sommes arrivés. It was raining the day when we arrived.

DONT

DONT replaces people or objects that come after DE.

This is an example of a person preceded by DE.

Tu vois cette dame? Je t’ai parlé de cette dame. C’est la dame dont je t’ai parlé.

Do you see that lady? I spoke to you about that lady. That’s the lady I talked to you about. – That’s the lady of whom I spoke.

The trickiest part about using DONT isn’t understanding the rules, but knowing which verbs and expressions are followed by DE.

J’ai besoin d’un couteau. Le couteau est sur la table. Le couteau dont j’ai besoin est sur la table.
I need a knife.The knife is on the table.The knife that I need is on the table.

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PATREON – DOWNLOAD LESSON GUIDE
PATREON – DOWNLOAD RELATIVE PRONOUNS EXERCISE
PATREON – DOWNLOAD RELATIVE PRONOUNS PRACTICE CARDS

French Verb «Falloir»

FALLOIR – IL FAUT – PRESENT TENSE LESSON

→ Watch my video lesson on the French verb FALLOIR.

→ Take the quiz at the end of the video to see how you can avoid using the subjunctive.

The verb FALLOIR is an IMPERSONAL verb. You can only use it in the IL form. In this lesson we will focus on the present tense, but you can use this verb in many other tenses.

Master the French verb FALLOIR – Included in my Bundled French Lessons for Self-Learner s

Examples from the lesson:

1. Il faut un passeport pour voyager à l’étranger.

IL FAUT + NOUN

You need a passport to travel abroad.

2. Il faut manger pour vivre et non vivre pour manger.

IL FAUT + INFINITIVE

You must eat to live and not live to eat.

3. Il faut commencer maintenant.

IL FAUT + INFINITIVE We need to start now.

Falloir = Avoir besoin de

You can still use the verbs DEVOIR and AVOIR BESOIN DE to mean MUST or NEED, but you’ll sound much more French if you use FALLOIR!

When you use the verb FALLOIR with the indirect object pronouns ME – TE – LUI – NOUS – VOUS – LEUR you can totally avoid the subjunctive by following them up with an INFINITIVE.. Just remember when translating sentences to English, IL will not be the first word you translate. It will be the pronoun. English and French are just different that way. Look at the following examples.

1. Il me faut un nouvel appartement.
I need a new apartment.

2. Il te faut des oeufs?
Do you need eggs?

3. Il lui faut son maillot de bain.
He / She needs his / her swimsuit.

4. Il lui faut ses baskets.
He / She needs his / her sports shoes.

5. Il nous faut une grande voiture.
We need a big car.

6. Il vous faut trois euros.
You need three euros.

7. Il leur faut du travail.
They need work.

GET YOUR FALLOIR LESSON GUIDE ON PATREON

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French Subjunctive Mood

French subjunctive lesson:

→ Watch my video lesson on the French subjunctive.

→ Take the quiz at the end of the video. See the exercise at the bottom of this page, and I’ll tell you the answers during the video.

The subjunctive is rumored as the most difficult thing in French, but it’s not true. Watch the video lesson and follow along reading the text below the video link. I will not teach every exception in this lesson. Let’s keep it simple for now.

Master the French Present Subjunctive – Included in my Bundled French Lessons

→ When and why do we use the subjunctive in French?

→ How do you form the subjunctive?

→ Examples using the subjunctive in meaningful context.

French Subjunctive

The present French subjunctive refers to actions in the present or future.
Use the subjunctive when the sentence contains a dependent and a main clause.
The dependent and main clauses are connected by the word QUE.
One of the clauses will demonstrate a WEIRDO condition.
If what follows QUE is subjective in nature, you must use the subjunctive.

WEIRDO VERBS

W	Wishing / wanting
E	Emotion
I	Impersonal expressions
R	Request / require / recommend
D	Doubt / demand / deny
O	Opinions

What do sentences with a main and dependent clause connected by QUE look like? Here are some examples.

Wishing / Wanting

Je voudrais que tu finisses tes devoirs.

Je voudrais means I would like, so it demonstrates wanting.

The Je voudrais and the tu finisses tes devoirs are connected by QUE.

Just because I want THAT you finish your homework doesn’t mean you’re actually going to do it.

Emotions

Je suis triste qu’elle ne vienne pas.

Je suis triste means I am sad, so it demonstrates an emotion.

The Je suis triste and the elle ne vienne pas are connected by QUE.

I am sad THAT she’s not coming.

So why use the subjunctive here? There’s not really a doubt associated with she’s not coming, but anytime you’re dealing with emotion you do have to use the subjunctive.

Impersonal expressions

Il est important que nous répondions à toutes les questions.

Il est important means It is important, so that’s an impersonal expression.

The Il est important and the nous répondions à toutes les questions are connected by QUE.

It is important THAT we respond to all of the questions, but just because it’s important doesn’t necessarily mean it’s going to happen. Right?

Requests / Requirements / Recommendations

Je suggère que vous arriviez un peu en avance.

Je suggère means I suggest, so that’s a recommendation.

Je suggère and the vous arriviez un peu en avance are joined by QUE.

Just because I suggest THAT you arrive a little early doesn’t mean it’s going to happen.

Demands / doubts / denying

Il faut que je mette la table.

Il faut means It is necessary, so that’s a demand.

You can easily use Il faut followed by an infinitive and avoid the subjunctive altogether, but many times you’ll want to say Il faut que followed by another clause that begins with a subject.

In this example the Il faut and the je mette la table are joined by QUE.

Just because It is necessary THAT I set the table doesn’t mean I’ll do it.

Opinions

Je ne crois pas que ce soit une bonne idée.

Je ne crois pas means I don’t believe, so that demonstrates an Opinion.

The Je ne crois pas and the ce soit une bonne idée are connected by QUE.

Just because I don’t believe THAT it is a good idea doesn’t necessarily mean that it’s not.

How to Form the Present French Subjunctive

Before doing some exercises together I will show you how to form the subjunctive. There are just a few irregular verbs to learn. As you may have guessed, the irregular verbs are the ones we use all the time.

How to form the stem / radical

The stem is what you’ll add the subjunctive endings to.
Take the -ENT off of the 3rd person plural form of the present tense verb

Il faut	It is necessary
que	that
It is necessary *THAT* we write a letter.	Il faut que nous écrivions une lettre.
That we write a letter	This part of the sentence needs the subjunctive. Why? Remember, just because it’s necessary doesn’t mean we’re going to do it.

The verb «ÉCRIRE»: Present subjunctive

How do you form the stem / radical?	3rd person plural (indicative):Ils écrivent
	Take the -ENT off of the 3rd person plural form of the verb.
	Écriv- This is your stem
	Now add the subjunctive endings.
What are the subjunctive endings?	This is the present subjunctive of the verb écrire. The endings are in bold print:
	que j’écrive
	que tu écrives
	qu’il écrive / qu’elle écrive / qu’on écrive
	que nous écrivions
	que vous écriviez
	qu’ils écrivent
	qu’elles écrivent

Stem-Changing Verbs in the French Subjunctive

Verbs that are stem changing in the present indicative are the same in the subjunctive.
Keep the same stem in the je, tu, il / elle / on, and ils / elles forms.
Only the nous and vous forms that will be different, and the same is true in the regular present tense.
We will look at only 4 stem changing verbs, but know that the same rule applies to other verbs in the same category.

Boire

Form the stem the regular way: ils boivent, take off the -ent, and it becomes boiv- Only nous and vous will have a different stem.

que je boive	que nous buvions
que tu boives	que vous buviez
qu’il boive / qu’elle boive / qu’on boive	qu’ils boivent / qu’elles boivent

Envoyer

Form the stem the regular way: Nous and vous have an irregular stem; take the -ent off of the 3rd person plural form and you have the stem envoie-

que j’envoie	que nous envoyions
que tu envoies	que vous envoyiez
qu’il envoie / qu’elle envoie / qu’on envoie	qu’ils envoient / qu’elles envoient

Prendre

Nous and vous have an irregular stem; take the -ent off of the 3rd person plural form and you have the stem prenn-

que je prenne	que nous prenions
que tu prennes	que vous preniez
qu’il prenne / qu’elle prenne / qu’on prenne	qu’ils prennent / qu’elles prennent

Venir

Nous and vous have an irregular stem; take the -ent off of the 3rd person plural form and you have the stem vienn-

que je vienne	que nous venions
que tu viennes	que vous veniez
qu’il vienne / qu’elle vienne / qu’on vienne	qu’ils viennent / qu’elles viennent

Verbs with irregular stems (and regular endings)

Verbs with one stem

faire (fass-)	pouvoir (puiss-)	savoir (sach-)
Que je fasse	Que je puisse	Que je sache
Que tu fasses	Que tu puisses	Que tu saches
Qu’il fasse	Qu’il puisse	Qu’on sache
Que nous fassions	Que nous puissions	Que nous sachions
Que vous fassiez	Que vous puissiez	Que vous sachiez
Qu’ils fassent	Qu’ils puissent	Qu’ils sachent

Verbs with two stems

Aller (aill- / all-)

Vouloir (veuill- / voul-)

Que j’aille	Que nous allions	Que je veuille	Que nous voulions
Que tu ailles	Que vous alliez	Que tu veuilles	Que vous vouliez
Qu’il aille	Qu’ils aillent	Qu’il veuille	Qu’ils veuillent

Verbs with irregular stems and irregular endings

avoir

être

Que j’aie	Que nous ayons	Que je sois	Que nous soyons
Que tu aies	Que vous ayez	Que tu sois	Que vous soyez
Qu’il ait	Qu’ils aient	Qu’il soit	Qu’ils soient

Exercise to practice the French subjunctive

See the written questions here, and I’ll tell you the answer in the video around the 29 minute mark.
In the first exercise put all verbs in the present subjunctive.
In the second exercise you will need to decide between the subjunctive and the indicative.

Exercise 1

1	Il faut que tu _____ (faire) tes devoirs.
2	Je veux qu’il _____ (partir) ce soir.
3	Je regrette que vous _____ (être) en retard.
4	Elle est très heureuse que nous _____ (prendre) le train.
5	Il faut que vous _____ (dire) la vérité.
6	Je ne pense pas qu’il _____ (avoir) raison.
7	Je voudrais que tu _____ (apprendre) le russe.
8	Vous ne croyez pas qu’il ____ (vouloir) nous voir?
9	Je ne crois pas qu’ils se _____ (connaître).
10	Il faut que vous _____ (pouvoir) le comprendre.

Exercise 2

1	Je regrette que tu ne ____ pas venir avec nous à la campagne ce week-end.a. peux b. pouvais c. puisses d. pourras
2	Il est sûr que tu ____ le français plus vite en pratiquant tous les jours.a. apprendras b. apprennes c. appris d. apprenais
3	Il faut que vous ____ plus d’exercice physique.a. fassiez b. faites c. ferez d. faisiez
4	Nous sommes heureux que vous _____ à notre mariage.a. veniez b. viendrez c. viendriez d. venez
5	Il n’est pas certain que ce projet _____ une excellente opportunité pour nous.a. était b. sera c. est d. soit
6	Je veux que mon fils _____ plus soin de ses affaires.a. prenne b. prend c. prendra d. prenait
7	Le professeur exige que son élève ____ à l’examen.a. réussit b. réussisse c. réussira d. réussissait
8	Il ne me semble pas que tu ____ ta leçon par coeur. Tu dois encore réviser.a. savais b. sais c. saches d. sauras
9	Elle espère que tu _____ plus performant si tu acceptes de suivre cette formation.a. sois b. étais c. seras d. as été
10	Je ne pense pas qu’il ____ tort.a. avait b. a c. ait d. aura

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French Possessive Pronouns

French possessive pronouns are used to replace nouns so that you can indicate to whom or to what those nouns belong. Watch my video lesson below or click here to see it on YouTube.

‼ Possessive pronouns agree with nouns in number and gender.

‼ Possessive pronouns are always preceded by definite articles: LE – LA – LES

‼ Possessive pronouns agree with nouns in number and gender.

‼ Possessive pronouns replace nouns preceded by possessive adjectives.

‼ CAREFUL: MAKE AGREEMENT WITH THE NOUN IN QUESTION AND NOT THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE!

‼ Plural possessive pronouns only have three forms.
‼ Use the NOUS form with the subject pronoun ON.

‼ When à and de come before le and les, you have to form contractions: AU or AUX and DU or DES

Mini-Course on Possessive Pronouns – Included in my Bundled French Lessons

Patreon tier 1 – Lesson guide
Patreon tier 2 – 4 matching activities
Patreon tier 3 – 4 quizzes
Patreon tier 4 – 60 practice cards

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